A
\g{dendrite} is a locally connected continuum containing
no \g{simple closed curve}. By the
\g{order of a point} $p$ in a dendrite $X$,
writing $\ord(p, X)$\g{$\ord(p, X)$}, we mean the
Menger-Urysohn order, see \cite[\S 51, I, p.
274]{Kuratowski1968a}, or equivalently, the \g{order in the
classical sense}, i.e., the number of arcs emanating from $p$
and disjoint out of $p$ (see \cite[p. 229]{Charatonik1962a}
and \cite[p. 301]{Lelek1961a}). \par In this chapter the
term of an \g{end point} of a continuum is always used in
the sense of a point of (Menger-Urysohn) order $1$, i.e.,
$p$ is an end point of $X$ provided that $\ord(p, X) = 1$.
For dendrites this concept coincides with one of an
\g{end point in the classical sense},
but not with the notion of an end point of an
\g{arc-like} \g{continuum} as defined e.g.
in \cite[p. 660]{Bing1951a}. \par

Given a dendrite $X$, we denote by $E(X)$ the set of all end
points of $X$ and by $R(X)$ the set of all its
\gs{ramification points}{ramification point}
(i.e., points of order at least 3). Various structural as
well as mapping characterizations of dendrites are collected
in \cite[Theorems 1.1 and 1.2, p. 228 and 230,
respectively]{Charatonik+1998a}. See also
\cite{Charatonik+2000a}.
